White Water Associates provides a full line of field sampling services. We own the equipment necessary to locate, access, and sample a variety of media and conditions. We have staff trained in established protocols for sampling surface waters for myriad chemical constituents including metals, organics, and nutrients. White Water staff has long-established experience in conducting low-level metals and mercury sampling using “clean hands-dirty hands” techniques. We are experienced in measuring and assessing physical attributes of lakes and streams such as stream discharge, lake retention time, volume, clarity, morphology, habitats, and much more. We can deploy and operate devices that continuously monitor water quality conditions or obtain water samples. White Water Associates staff has long-time experience in sampling shallow and deep groundwater monitoring wells using various techniques. For wells purged in the conventional manner using a bailer, inertia pump, or a low- flow submersible pump, the standard method of determining the volume required for purging is based on the agency-approved, conventional method of initially removing a minimum of three times the casing volume. Purging continues after the three casing volumes are removed until manually-collected field measurements (pH, conductivity and temperature) have stabilized. For wells which are purged at very low flow rates, purging relies on the stabilization of three field parameters (specific conductance, pH, and DO) of the five field parameters (temperature, specific conductance, pH, ORP, and DO), continuously collected and recorded during purging to establish when purging is complete and formation water has been accessed. Use of the water quality analyzers allows the samplers to rapidly and accurately identify when the field parameters have stabilized and representative groundwater samples may be collected. Following conventional purging or low flow purging, groundwater samples are collected for site-specific target compounds using certified clean sample bottles and lab grade preservatives. Samples are kept on ice until delivered to the laboratory.